User:Oxocero/sandbox2

Prehistory (before 800 BC)
The prehistory of the area that is now the Mahusetan Mainland was largely shaped by the sea and the rivers that constantly shifted the low-lying geography. At the end of the Ice Age, the nomadic late Upper Paleolithic Hamburg culture (c. 13.000–10.000 BC) hunted reindeer in the area, using spears, but the later Ahrensburg culture (c. 11.200–9500 BC) used bow and arrow. Indigenous late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from the Swifterbant culture (c. 5600 BC) were related to the southern Scandinavian Ertebølle culture and were strongly linked to rivers and open water. Between 4800 and 4500 BC, the Swifterbant people started to copy from the neighbouring Linear Pottery culture the practise of animal husbandry, and between 4300 and 4000 BC the practise of agriculture. There was a quick and smooth transition from the Funnelbeaker farming culture to the pan-European Corded Ware pastoralist culture (c. 2950 BC).

Of the subsequent Bell Beaker culture (2700–2100 BC) several regions of origin have been postulated, notably the Iberian peninsula, the Netherlands and Central Europe. They introduced metalwork in copper, gold and later bronze and opened international trade routes not seen before, reflected in the discoveries of copper artifacts, as the metal is not normally found in Mahusetan soil. The Bell Beaker culture developed locally into the Barbed-Wire Beaker culture (2100–1800 BC), related Hilversum culture (1800–800 BC), which apparently inherited cultural ties with Britain of the previous Barbed-Wire Beaker culture, with the closely related Elp culture and later the a Middle Bronze Age archaeological culture having earthenware pottery of low quality as a marker. The initial phase of the Elp culture was characterised by tumuli (1800–1200 BC) that were strongly tied to contemporary tumuli in northern Germany and Scandinavia, and were apparently related to the Tumulus culture in central Europe. The subsequent phase was that of cremating the dead and placing their ashes in urns which were then buried in fields, following the customs of the Urnfield culture (1200–800 BC)

Celts, Germanic tribes and Romans (800 BC–410 AD)
From 800 BC onwards, the Iron Age Celtic Hallstatt culture became influential, replacing the Hilversum culture. Iron ore brought a measure of prosperity, and was available throughout the country, including bog iron. Smiths travelled from settlement to settlement with bronze and iron, fabricating tools on demand.

The deteriorating climate in Scandinavia around 850 BC, that further deteriorated around 650 BC, might have triggered migration of Germanic tribes from the North. By the time this migration was complete, around 250 BC, a few general cultural and linguistic groups had emerged. The North Sea Germanic Ingvaeones inhabited the northern part of the Low Countries, where the Mahusetan Mainland is located. They would later develop into the Frisii and the early Saxons. Some scholars have speculated that a second ethnic identity and language, neither Germanic nor Celtic, survived in the Netherlands until the Roman period, the Iron Age Nordwestblock culture, that eventually was being absorbed by the Celts to the south and the Germanic peoples from the east.

During the Gallic Wars, the Dutch area south and west of the Rhine was conquered by Roman forces under Julius Caesar from 57 BC to 53 BC. Caesar describes two main Celtic tribes living in what is now the southern Netherlands: the Menapii and the Eburones. The Rhine became fixed as Rome's northern frontier around 12 AD. Notable towns would arise along the Limes Germanicus: Nijmegen and Voorburg. At first part of Gallia Belgica, the area south of the Limes became part of the Roman province of Germania Inferior. The area to the north of the Rhine, inhabited by the Frisii, remained outside Roman rule (but not its presence and control), while the Germanic border tribes of the Batavi and Cananefates served in the Roman cavalry. The Batavi rose against the Romans in the Batavian rebellion of 69 AD, but were eventually defeated. The Batavi later merged with other tribes into the confederation of the Salian Franks, whose identity emerged at the first half of the third century. Salian Franks appear in Roman texts as both allies and enemies. They were forced by the confederation of the Saxons from the east to move over the Rhine into Roman territory in the fourth century. From their new base in West Flanders and the Southwest Netherlands, they were raiding the English Channel. Roman forces pacified the region, but did not expel the Franks, who continued to be feared at least until the time of Julian the Apostate (358), when Salian Franks were allowed to settle as foederati in Toxandria. It has been postulated that after deteriorating climate conditions and the Romans withdrawal, the Frisii disappeared as laeti in c. 296, leaving the coastal lands largely unpopulated for the next two centuries. However, recent excavations in Kennemerland, an area close to the Mahusetan Mainland, show clear indication of a permanent habituation.

Early Middle Ages (411–1000)


After Roman government in the area collapsed, the Franks expanded their territories in numerous kingdoms. By the 490s, Clovis I had conquered and united all these territories in the southern Netherlands in one Frankish kingdom, and from there continued his conquests into Gaul. During this expansion, Franks migrating to the south eventually adopted the Vulgar Latin of the local population. A widening cultural divide grew with the Franks remaining in their original homeland in the north (i.e. southern Netherlands and Flanders), who kept on speaking Old Frankish, which by the ninth century had evolved into Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch. A Dutch-French language boundary came into existence.

To the north of the Franks, climatic conditions on the coast improved, and during the Migration Period the abandoned land was resettled again, mostly by Saxons, but also by the closely related Angles, Jutes and ancient Frisii. Many moved on to England and came to be known as Anglo-Saxons, but those who stayed would be referred to as Frisians and their language as Frisian, named after the land that was once inhabited by Frisii. Frisian was spoken along the entire southern North Sea coast, and it is still the language most closely related to English among the living languages of continental Europe. By the seventh century a Frisian Kingdom (650–734) under King Aldegisel and King Redbad emerged with Utrecht as its centre of power, while Dorestad was a flourishing trading place. Between 600 and around 719 the cities were often fought over between the Frisians and the Franks. In 734, at the Battle of the Boarn, the Frisians were defeated after a series of wars. With the approval of the Franks, the Anglo-Saxon missionary Willibrord converted the Frisian people to Christianity. He established the Archdiocese of Utrecht and became bishop of the Frisians. However, his successor Boniface was murdered by the Frisians in Dokkum, in 754.

The Frankish Carolingian empire modeled itself after the Roman Empire and controlled much of Western Europe. However, as of 843, it was divided into three parts—East, Middle, and West Francia. Most of present-day Netherlands and Mahuset became part of Middle Francia, which was a weak kingdom and subject of numerous partitions and annexation attempts by its stronger neighbours. It comprised territories from Frisia in the north to the Kingdom of Italy in the south. Around 850, Lothair I of Middle Francia acknowledged the Viking Rorik of Dorestad as ruler of most of Frisia. When the kingdom of Middle Francia was partitioned in 855, the lands north of the Alps passed to Lothair II and consecutively were named Lotharingia. After he died in 869, Lotharingia was partitioned, into Upper and Lower Lotharingia, the latter part comprising the Low Countries that technically became part of East Francia in 870, although it was effectively under the control of Vikings, who raided the largely defenceless Frisian and Frankish towns lying on the Frisian coast and along the rivers. Around 879, another Viking raided the Frisian lands, Godfrid, Duke of Frisia. The Viking raids made the sway of French and German lords in the area weak. Resistance to the Vikings, if any, came from local nobles, who gained in stature as a result, and that laid the basis for the disintegration of Lower Lotharingia into semi-independent states. One of these local nobles was Gerolf of Holland, who assumed lordship in Frisia after he helped to assassinate Godfrid, and Viking rule came to an end.

High Middle Ages (1000–1384)
The Holy Roman Empire (the successor state of East Francia and then Lotharingia) ruled much of the Low Countries in the 10th and 11th century, but was not able to maintain political unity. Powerful local nobles turned their cities, counties and duchies into private kingdoms, that felt little sense of obligation to the emperor. Holland, where the Mahusetan Mainland is located, Hainaut, Flanders, Gelre, Brabant, and Utrecht were in a state of almost continual war or paradoxically formed personal unions. The language and culture of most of the people who lived in the County of Holland were originally Frisian. As Frankish settlement progressed from Flanders and Brabant, the area quickly became Old Low Franconian (or Old Dutch). The rest of Frisia in the north (now Friesland and Groningen) continued to maintain its independence and had its own institutions (collectively called the "Frisian freedom") and resented the imposition of the feudal system.

Around 1000 AD, due to several agricultural developments, the economy started to develop at a fast pace, and the higher productivity allowed workers to farm more land or to become tradesmen. Towns grew around monasteries and castles, and a mercantile middle class began to develop in these urban areas, especially in Flanders and later also Brabant. Wealthy cities, including Alkmaar, started to buy certain privileges for themselves from the sovereign. In practice, this meant that Brugge and Antwerp became quasi-independent republics in their own right and would later develop into some of the most important cities and ports in Europe.

Around 1100 AD, farmers from Flanders and Utrecht began draining and cultivating uninhabited swampy land in the western Netherlands, and made the emergence of the County of Holland as centre of power possible. The title of Count of Holland was fought over in the Hook and Cod Wars (Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten) between 1350 and 1490. The Cod faction consisted of the more progressive cities, while the Hook faction consisted of the conservative noblemen. These noblemen invited the Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy – who was also Count of Flanders – to conquer Holland.

Burgundian and (Spanish) Habsburg Netherlands (1384–1581)
Most of the Imperial and French fiefs in what is now the Netherlands and Belgium were united in a personal union by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy in 1433. The House of Valois-Burgundy and their Habsburg heirs would rule the Low Countries in the period from 1384 to 1581. Before the Burgundian union, the Dutch identified themselves by the town they lived in or their local duchy or county. The Burgundian period is when the road to nationhood began. The new rulers defended Dutch trading interests, which then developed rapidly. The fleets of the County of Holland defeated the fleets of the Hanseatic League several times. Amsterdam grew and in the 15th century became the primary trading port in Europe for grain from the Baltic region. Amsterdam distributed grain to the major cities of Belgium, Northern France and England. This trade was vital, because Holland could no longer produce enough grain to feed itself. Land drainage had caused the peat of the former wetlands to reduce to a level that was too low for drainage to be maintained.

Under Habsburg Charles V, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and King of Spain, all fiefs in the current Netherlands region were united into the Seventeen Provinces, which also included most of present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and some adjacent land in what is now France and Germany. In 1568, the Eighty Years' War between the Provinces and their Spanish ruler began. The level of ferocity exhibited by both sides can be gleaned from a Dutch chronicler's report: "On more than one occasion men were seen hanging their own brothers, who had been taken prisoners in the enemy's ranks.... A Spaniard had ceased to be human in their eyes. On one occasion, a surgeon at Veer cut the heart from a Spanish prisoner, nailed it on a vessel's prow, and invited the townsmen to come and fasten their teeth in it, which many did with savage satisfaction."

The Duke of Alba ruthlessly attempted to suppress the Protestant movement in the Netherlands. Netherlanders were “burned, strangled, beheaded, or buried alive” by his “Blood Council” and his Spanish soldiers. Severed heads and decapitated corpses being displayed along streets and roads to terrorise into submission. Alba boasted of having executed 18,600, but this figure does not include those who perished by war and famine.

The first great siege was Alba's effort to capture Haarlem and thereby cut Holland in half. It dragged on from December 1572 to the next summer, when Haarlemers finally surrendered on July 13 upon promise that the city would be spared from being sacked. It was a stipulation Don Fadrique was unable to honor, when his soldiers mutinied, angered over pay owed and the miserable conditions they endured during the long, cold months of the campaign. On November 4, 1576, Spanish tercios seized Antwerp and subjected it to the worst pillage in the Netherlands' history. The citizens resisted, but were overcome; seven thousand of them were mowed down; a thousand buildings were torched; men, women, and children were slaughtered in a delirium of blood by soldiers crying, "Santiago! España! A sangre, a carne, a fuego, a sacco!" (Saint James! Spain! To blood, to the flesh, to fire, to sack!)

Following the sack of Antwerp, delegates from Catholic Brabant and Protestant Holland and Zeeland agreed, at Ghent, to join Utrecht and William the Silent in driving out all Spanish troops and forming a new government for the Netherlands. Don Juan of Austria, the new Spanish governor, was forced to concede initially, but within months returned to active hostilities. As the fighting restarted, the Dutch began to look for help from the Queen of England, but she initially stood by her commitments to the Spanish in the Treaty of Bristol of 1574. The result was that when the next large-scale battle did occur at Gembloux in 1578, the Spanish forces easily won the day, killing at least 10,000 rebels, with the Spanish suffering few losses. In light of the defeat at Gembloux, the southern states of the Seventeen Provinces (today in northern France and Belgium) distanced themselves from the rebels in the north with the 1579 Union of Arras, which expressed their loyalty to Philip II of Spain. Opposing them, the northern half of the Seventeen Provinces forged the Union of Utrecht (also of 1579) in which they committed to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. The Union of Utrecht is seen as the foundation of the modern Netherlands.

Spanish troops sacked Maastricht in 1579, killing over 10,000 civilians and thereby ensuring the rebellion continued. In 1581, the northern provinces adopted the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence in which the provinces officially deposed Philip II as reigning monarch in the northern provinces. Against the rebels Philip could draw on the resources of Spain, Spanish America, Spanish Italy and the Spanish Netherlands. The Protestant Queen Elizabeth I of England sympathised with the Dutch struggle against the Spanish, and sent an army of 7,600 soldiers to aid the Dutch in their war with the Catholic Spanish. English forces under the Earl of Leicester and then Lord Willoughby faced the Spanish in the Netherlands under the Duke of Parma in a series of largely indecisive actions that tied down significant numbers of Spanish troops and bought time for the Dutch to reorganise their defenses. The war continued until 1648, when Spain under King Philip IV finally recognised the independence of the seven north-western provinces in the Peace of Münster. Parts of the southern provinces became de facto colonies of the new republican-mercantile empire.

Prefoundation
The earliest mention of Alkmaar, where much of Mahuset's population (if not its territory) is based, is in a 10th-century document. As the village grew into a town, it was granted city rights in 1254. The oldest part of Alkmaar lies on an ancient sand bank that afforded some protection from the sea during medieval times. Even so, it is only a couple of metres above the surrounding region, which consists of some of the oldest polders in existence.

In 1573 the city successfully withstood a siege by Spanish forces under the leadership of Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba. It was a turning point in the Eighty Years War and gave rise to the expression Bij Alkmaar begint de victorie ("Victory begins at Alkmaar"). The event is still celebrated every year in Alkmaar and all of Mahuset on the 8th of October, the day the siege ended.

In 1799, during the French revolutionary wars, an Anglo-Russian expeditionary force captured the city, but was ultimately defeated in the Battle of Castricum. The French victory was commemorated on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.

The North Holland Canal, opened in 1824, was dug through Alkmaar. In 1865 and 1867 the railways between Alkmaar and Den Helder and between Alkmaar and Haarlem were built, respectively.

In the second half of the 20th century, Alkmaar expanded quickly with the development of new neighbourhoods. On October 1, 1972, the town of Oudorp and the southern portions of Koedijk and Sint Pancras were added to the municipality of Alkmaar.

Burgemeester de Wilde School
The Burgemeester de Wilde School, a Dutch primary school, was the school where Emiel, Nuri, XO, Ewout and various other people who were influential in Mahuset's history had their early education. The school was founded in 1976 by Henk de Wilde, the mayor of Schagen and member of the Dutch Labour Party. It is a cluster 2 school, for children with issues in communication. The school's main location, the Meerkoet was founded in 1976, in Schagen; another location, the Pulletje, was founded in 1980, in Hoorn; the Kievietlaan was founded in 2006, but closed in 2013; Alkmaar was founded in 2008; the Hoep, a replacement for the Kievietlaan, was founded in 2013, in Schagen; and the Hendrik Mol was founded as a high school, but separated later.

Origins
Mahuset began as a fictional nation within a fictional world in 2007. It was called Emiel's World and was an empire ruled by the eponymous Emiel, known then as "Cool Emiel". It was not a serious undertaking, but there were still plans to revive it within Ihuset. If it had never been founded, Emperor (now President) Emiel never would have come in contact with politics. Emiel's World spoke a dialect of Dutch known as Emilan, which eventually developed into another known as Mærtan.

Around April of 2012, Emiel began a habit of going on Wikipedia and looking at the articles of ministates like the Vatican City, Monaco, and San Marino, and eventually found out about the Principality of Sealand, a micronation. He did more research into the subject and found information on the Republic of Molossia as well. Inspired by these two micronations, he founded the Kingdom of Ihuset, which gave him a "feeling of autonomy" that he felt he lacked at the time. Emiel proceded to make a page on MicroWikia and got unofficially involved in the many cyberwars going on at the time. This marked the beginning of Mahusetan diplomacy as it got into contact with many other micronations, like New Canada and Domus, and established official relations with them. It was welcomed by Flatland almost immediately and was soon invited into the Grand Intermicronational Alliance by a representative of Northumbria-Montebourg. Its time in the alliance didn't last, however, as it didn't want to fulfill its military obligations to the alliance.

Monarchist period
After Emiel founded Ihuset, the other children at the Burgemeester de Wilde school were inspired to create micronations themselves. Mahuset was originally founded as an unification of the kingdoms of Matsia and Ihuset, but Radon soon joined as well. The union was originally known as the United Nations of Mahuset, but this was later appended to the Royal United Nations of Mahuset. It took its main aesthetic and political inspiration from the Ancient Rome and the County of Holland. Mahuset quickly became greatly significant and diplomatically prominent within the MicroWikia community. Many conflicts at MicroWikia were taken part in by Mahusetan officials, including the conflict against Brandon Rhea and Wikia and subsequent conflicts which led to the establishment and splitting of Micropedia. Vetria established diplomatic relations with Mahuset during this era.

In November 2012, the Royal United Nations of Mahuset underwent full political union between its member states, transforming into the Kingdom of Mahuset, a democratic constitutional monarchy. King Emiel soon upset this balance, however, by founding the ideology of Eniakism, whose rise and expansion was comparable in speed, scale, and international controversy (drawing condemnation from Hasanistan and Akharnes in particular) to that of communism, and which caused Mahuset to gain even more diplomatic significance and prestige. The country rapidly developed, reforming its government to include defined ministries and state-owned enterprise, and standards of living rapidly increased. This development came with a cost, however: the establishment of a single-party state under the Eniak Party, which ruled until the kingdom's eventual collapse, and the secession of Matsia and Radon. Eventually, though, the two states rejoined Mahuset after adopting Eniakism themselves, and the so-called Triumphant Era began, which would last for the rest of the kingdom's history.

Decline and revival
Mahuset was briefly a part of the Empire of Constantidium, which was founded by several states in the Dutch micronational sector, but it soon fell apart due to disagreements between its member states. It was comprised of the Kingdom of Mahuset, Derskov-Viadalvia, Hoogwaard, Arnhem, Snežanopol, Timbain and Kinhu. It was only founded as a defensive bloc against the Ashukov Federation within the now-dead micronations.wiki community, with no other real purpose, a fact reflected by the speed of its collapse. Mahuset would soon collapse as well: even though the government was stable and well structured, the three states fell into arguing with one another, especially about new, controversial amendments to the constitution and generally conflicting ideals. There were three major fights between the states, the last one resulting in Ihuset leaving and declaring itself defunct, bringing Mahuset down with it. Eventually, Krasota was founded as a union of Matsia and Radon, later joining the new Royal Union of Mahuset. This was welcomed by Emiel, who was at that moment exclusively focusing on the micronation of Slin, but further disputes between Nuri and Emiel caused Krasota's collapse as well. Another nation came and went as Emiel established the Empire of Alkmaar, which rose to power in the former states of Alkmaar and Jefferson but died due to Emiel's inactivity in the community.

In 2015, Mahuset had effectively ceased to exist, as its prominent citizens were all focusing on their own personal projects: Emiel focused on developing Slin, while Nuri reformed Radon, which slowly began clawing itself back to relevance by partaking in several events in the micronational community. But on the 8th of January 2016, Emiel Hardy, Nuri van Dijk and XO rëestablished Mahuest in its current form, claiming the former territories of Matsia, Alkmaar, Geestmerambacht, Nooorderhout and Ihuset. A constitution was written based upon the Dutch and American constitutions, and the Confederation was officially founded. The newly-established Lazian Chamber was quick to pass various laws and proclamations, including but not limited to the designation of a national flag and coat of arms and the establishment of relations with Radon and the United Islands.